ER, PR, HER2, p53, Ki67, Top2ɑ

ER, PR, HER2 are biomarkers of predictive factors for breast cancer. Estrogen Receptor (ER) and Progesterone Receptor (PR) examinations are useful for choosing therapy, between chemotherapy or targeted personalized therapy, aromatase inhibitor therapy, such as Exemestane & Anastrozole and estrogen antagonist therapy such as Tamoxifen. Human EGF Receptor (HER) II is also useful for determining therapy, between chemotherapy or targeting anti-Human EGF Receptor (HER) II therapies such as Trastuzumab. Ki67 and P53 are prognostic biomarkers. High Ki-67 expression is associated with higher histological grade, larger tumor size, presence of axillary lymph nodal metastases, and a shorter lifespan in patients with breast cancer. Overexpression of p53 in breast tumors are associated with an increased risk of developing a high progression marker. TOP-IIA expression and amplification help in diagnosing cancer and for observing disease progression, patient survival, and response to therapy.