Colorectal cancer (CRC), also known as bowel cancer, colon cancer, or rectal cancer, is a type of cancer that develops in the colon or rectum, which are parts of the digestive system. This disease typically begins as abnormal growths called polyps, which can turn into cancer over time if left undetected and untreated.
Types of Colorectal Cancer
Colorectal Adenocarcinoma
Adenocarcinoma is the most common type of colorectal cancer. It develops in epithelial cells, typically beginning in the inner lining of the colon or rectum and potentially spreading to other layers.
There are two less common subtypes:
Mucinous adenocarcinoma: Contains about 60% mucus, which may accelerate the spread of cancer cells.
Signet ring cell adenocarcinoma: Aggressive and more difficult to treat.
Carcinoid Tumors
Carcinoid tumors arise from neuroendocrine cells and tend to grow slowly. They commonly occur in the lungs or digestive tract.
Risk Factors for Colorectal Cancer
Age: Risk increases after age 50, although cases in younger individuals are rising.
Family History: Having a family history of colorectal cancer or polyps increases risk.
Hereditary Cancer Syndromes: Conditions like Lynch syndrome or familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) increase risk.
Obesity: A high body mass index (BMI) is linked to a greater risk.
Smoking: Tobacco use raises colorectal cancer risk.
Alcohol Consumption: Excessive alcohol intake increases risk.
Diet: High consumption of red, processed, or charred meats is associated with greater risk.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Conditions like Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis elevate risk.
Race: In the U.S., Black individuals have the highest incidence rates.
History of Polyps or Cancer: A prior history increases the chance of recurrence.
Physical Inactivity: Sedentary lifestyle contributes to increased risk. Regular exercise is recommended.
Colorectal Cancer Prevention
Avoid Tobacco: Consider joining smoking cessation programs.
Limit Alcohol: Drink in moderation.
Maintain Healthy Weight: Strive for an ideal body weight.
Eat a Balanced Diet: Increase intake of fruits and vegetables; reduce red and processed meats.
Know Your Family History: Report any history of advanced colon cancer or polyps in the family.
Participate in Screening: Talk to your doctor about appropriate screening schedules.
Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis
Physical Examination
Digital Rectal Exam
Screening Tests: Colonoscopy, stool tests, or biopsy
Blood & Tissue Tests: For further diagnostic analysis
KALGen Innolab: Your Partner in Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer
KALGen Innolab offers comprehensive diagnostic services to support colorectal cancer detection, including:
CA 19-9 Tumor Marker Test: Detects abnormal proteins associated with cancer.
OncoPANEL-Colorectal: Genetic mutation analysis to assess hereditary cancer risk.
Available at:
East Jakarta
Surabaya
Other major cities across Indonesia
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